كليدواژه لاتين
Informational biases, , Behavioral biases, , disappointment, , Moral traits, , Islamic economics, , Qurʹan
چكيده لاتين
Cognitive Biases refer to errors in processing information during economic decision-making, while Behavioral Biases refer to irrational beliefs or behaviors that can unconsciously influence our decision-making process.
This research, titled "Analysis of the Impact of Negative Moral Traits (Vices), Focusing on Despair, on Cognitive and Behavioral Biases," examines the relationship between negative moral traits, particularly despair, and cognitive and behavioral biases.
Despair was selected as the focal point of this study because hope and despair are driving forces behind human decision-making and behavior. This research aims to identify the origin of biases in the domain of ethics. The research method used is thematic analysis, with a subject-based study of the Holy Qurʹan. The study focuses on Qurʹanic verses related to despair using keywords such as *"Rajaw" (hope), "Ya’s" (despair), "Qanat" (despondency), "Khayb" (disappointment), and "Balis" (desperation)* to explore the relationship between despair and cognitive and behavioral biases and to develop an economic model.
The research method consists of seven main stages: selecting keywords, extracting verses related to each keyword, preparing a list of primary verses, compiling a contextual list, conceptualizing the verses, analyzing the concepts of the verses in their contexts, and finally, designing a model based on the research findings.
The results indicate that during decision-making and behavior, individuals require control mechanisms, which operate on two levels: cognitive and behavioral. The behavioral control mechanisms instill positive moral traits and correct worldviews, helping individuals avoid making decisions and behaving impulsively under the influence of emotions—emotions being the main contributors to the emergence of cognitive and behavioral biases.
The most important cognitive control mechanisms are: hope in the Day of Judgment, hope in God’s majesty and power, hope in Godʹs Days (*Ayam Allah*), acceptance of lifeʹs limitations, belief in God Almighty, hope in divine mercy, hope in God’s promises, hope in meeting the Creator, hope in the afterlife, and hope in resurrection.
The key behavioral control mechanisms are: righteous deeds, avoiding following oneʹs desires, refraining from following Satan, avoiding choosing enemies as friends, selecting righteous role models, adhering to divine commandments, gratitude, observance of lawful and unlawful earnings, and making the right stand against enemies. Based on these control mechanisms, a model to reduce cognitive and behavioral biases is proposed. Therefore, by educating and promoting correct beliefs in society through appropriate methods and principles, individuals can be guided towards making correct decisions, choices, and behaviors.
