چكيده لاتين
In recent decades, various pollutants such as antibiotics and other hazardous industrial substances have posed serious threats to nature, endangering human health and the environment. Therefore, removing them from natural environments is essential. The key to pollutant degradation lies in developing stable, efficient, non-toxic, and cost-effective photocatalysts that can operate under visible light. Immobilizing polyoxometalate catalysts on a suitable substrate enhances their stability, improves photocatalytic performance, and facilitates their recovery in reactions. In this context, graphitic carbon nitride has gained significant attention due to its photochemical stability and suitable photocatalytic efficiency. In this project, graphitic carbon nitride was synthesized using melamine at high temperature and pressure, and then Keggin-type polyoxometalates substituted with first-row transition metals were synthesized and immobilized on this substrate. The prepared structures were characterized and analyzed using techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, BET, FE-SEM, EDX, ICP, and elemental analysis. Subsequently, these compounds were used as photocatalysts in the photodegradation reaction of antibiotics from aqueous environments. Various reaction parameters such as the type of polyoxometalate catalyst, the amount of catalyst, the appropriate amount of oxidant, pH, and reaction temperature were optimized. In this study, photocatalysts containing zinc-substituted polyoxometalates (ZnPOM@g-C3N4) and lacunary polyoxometalates (PW11O39@g-C3N4) showed better performance, successfully removing tetracycline from the aqueous environment with efficiencies of 98% and 95%, respectively. Additionally, the process of removing ciprofloxacin from the aqueous environment using photocatalysts containing chromium-substituted polyoxometalates (CrPOM@g-C3N4) and the photocatalyst (W10O32@g-C3N4) yielded better results (88% and 91%, respectively). The results indicate the highly effective performance of these compounds in removing antibiotic pollutants from water.
