چكيده لاتين
he period of the Imamate of Ali ibn Muhammad (220 to 254 AH) is of special significance politically, culturally, and socially. Imam al-Hadi was summoned to Samarra in 233 AH and spent 21 years under strict surveillance and control. He guided and led the Shiites through his representatives in Shiite-populated cities. The era of Imam al-Hadi is considered one of the critical periods in the history of his Imamate due to social problems, the increasing corruption within the caliphate, and the presence of various cultural and intellectual currents in the Islamic world. The political currents during the time of Imam al-Hadi can be classified into two main groups: 1 The Abbasid Current: After the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate, they took control of the Islamic territories. Like the Alawis, they entered political competition with the slogan "al-Ridha min Al Muhammad" and were doctrinally aligned with Sunni beliefs. 2 The Alawi Currents: A group of Zaydiyyah emerged with the doctrinal principle of Imamate, aiming to overthrow the Abbasid government and establish the caliphate under the Alawis. Sectarianism, cultural and intellectual currents, uprisings, internal revolts, and external attacks were significant social issues of that era. Despite the severe restrictions imposed by the Abbasid caliphs, the Shiite organization gradually expanded and strengthened. Imam Ali ibn Muhammad faced various active cultural and intellectual currents of this period, including Sunnis, theological groups (Zoroastrians, Muʹtazila, Sufis, Shuʹubiyya, and Khawarij), religious groups from the People of the Book (Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians), non-religious groups (Zanadiqa, materialists, Iranian and Turkish nationalist movements), and Shiite currents (Zaydiyyah, Ismailiyyah, Fathiyyah, Waqifiyyah, and Ghulat). The presence of diverse cultural and intellectual currents in the Islamic world led to an increase in doubts within the Islamic community, highlighting the necessity to clarify Islamic principles and confront materialism and fragmentation while strengthening the Imami school of thought. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method based on primary sources and studies to explore the role of Imam al-Hadi in promoting Islamic sciences including Hadith, theology, exegesis, jurisprudence, etc., and consolidating the foundational beliefs of Islam and Shiism
