چكيده لاتين
In recent decades, air pollution has emerged as a critical and pervasive challenge in urban environments, particularly in developing countries. The city of Isfahan, owing to its rapid urban and industrial development alongside population growth, has encountered significant and complex air pollution problems. This study aimed to conduct a spatiotemporal analysis of air pollutant distribution across different regions of this metropolis. Sentinel-5P and Tropomi satellite data extracted from Google Earth Engine were employed to monitor primary pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), ozone (O₃), and methane (CH₄) over the period from March 21, 2019, to December 20, 2023. To validate satellite data, it was compared with ground-based measurements from stations affiliated with Isfahan Municipalityʹs Air Quality Control Organization, revealing a significant and meaningful correlation. Subsequent analysis of annual trends indicated increasing concentrations of NO₂, SO₂, O₃, and CH₄, while CO levels remained relatively stable. Seasonal analysis further demonstrated that cold seasons, especially winter, exhibited the highest concentrations of various pollutants, including NO₂, SO₂, and CO. Spatial analysis using geographic information systems (GIS) and Moranʹs I, G, and Gi* statistics revealed a clustered distribution of pollutants across the city, with all pollutants except O₃ exhibiting high-high clusters. Gi* statistics identified regions 2, 8, and 12 as pollution hotspots with 99% and 95% confidence levels. Additionally, parts of regions 1, 3, 7, 9, and 11 were classified as secondary pollution hotspots with a 90% confidence level. Conversely, region 4 and parts of regions 5, 6, and 15 were identified as coldspots with 99%, 95%, and 90% confidence levels, indicating low pollutant concentrations. Analysis of the impact of meteorological parameters such as temperature, wind speed, and air pressure on pollutant distribution and concentration revealed significant statistical correlations, highlighting their crucial role in exacerbating air pollution.
