چكيده لاتين
The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of focus types on the prosodic parameters of the pitch scaling of the peak, alingment and duartion in single-focus declarative, yes-no question and wh-question sentences and bi-focal declarative and yes-no question sentences.The resultsshow that in single-focus declarative and yes-no question sentences, when moving from a broad focus to a narrow focus, the pitch scaling of the peak and the duration of the focused and accented syllable increase, and the alignment is earlier.According to the results of the data analysis, it can be said that the contrastive narrow argument focus produces more changes in the intonation pattern of the sentence than the broad sentence focus.The results of the syudy of interrogative utterances with the question word "Ki, Who" show that in the interrogative sentences, the question word at the beginning of the utterance omits the accent of the following elements and causes deaccenting of these elements.The obtained results show that in wh-question sentences, when moving from a broad focus to a narrow focus, the pitch scaling of the peak and duration of the focused accented syllable increases and the alignment is earlier.The results related to the investigation of focal structures in bifocal declarative sentences show that in declarative sentences, the first focal structure neutralises the effect of the second focal structure, and in bifocal declarative sentences, the range of pitch scaling of the peak and duration of the accented syllable in the first focused constituent is greater than the second one, but the alignment in the second focused constituent is faster than the alignment in the first focused constituent.In addition, from the beginningto the end of the focused utterance, the duration has a downward flow and decreases.Therefore, regardless of the differences between informational and contrastive modes, in all three sentences, containing sentence, predicate and argument focus, the duration of the focused subject is more than object and in the object is more than thet of the verb.In these data, the reduction in duration itself is evidence of the neutralisation the focal effect of the second focused constituent. According to the results of the study of focused constituents in bifocal yes-no question sentences, it can be said that in bifocal yes-no question sentences, the first focused constituent somewhat neutralises the focal effect of the second constituent.In bifocal yes-no question sentences, the range of pitch scaling of the peak and the duration is greater for the focused accented syllable in the first focused constituent than in the second one.Howeverno significant differencewas observedin terms of alignment.In general, in bifocal declarative and
yes-no question sentences, informational and contrastive focusdidn’t show significant differences in terms of prosodic parameters, and according to the data examined in this research, no consistent results were obtained in this regard. In general, according to the author’s observations, in most of the data studied, the position of the L tone was stable and correspondedmainly to the beginning of the accented syllable, and the behaviour of the H tone varied according to the conditions of the focused constituent and moving away from the L tone, orapproaching it.According to the observations, the hypothesis of the chain connection of the tonal targets is also confirmed in the data studied, which indicates the independence of the L and H tonal targets from each other, so that each of these tonal targets is separately aligned with the segmental chain...
