23729

HIS3 173

دكتري

تاريخ - تاريخ ايران بعد از اسلام

ادبيات و علوم انساني

1403/6/5

179 ص.

دكتر مرتضي دهقان نژاد , دكتر ابوالحسن فيّاض‌انوش

دكتر علي اكبر جعفري

افغانستان، , آمريكا، , طالبان، , القاعده، , يازده سپتامبر.

افغانستان، كشوري است كه همواره به‌عنوان ميدان بازي و مداخلات كشورها و ابرقدرت‌هاي جهاني به شمار رفته است. پس‌از حادثه يازدهم سپتامبر 2001/ 20شهريور1380 آمريكا و متحدانش به بهانه مبارزه با لانه‌هاي تروريسم، عمليات نظامي عليه افغانستان را آغاز كردند و توانستند حكومت امارت اسلامي طالبان و گروه‌هاي ديگر را سركوب كرده و يك حكومت جديد به نام جمهوريت برپا سازند. اهميت اين پژوهش برآن است كه افغانستان ازلحاظ ژيوپلتيك جايگاه خود را درآسياي ميانه حفظ نموده است وهركشور كه بخواهد هژموني خود را بر آسياي ميانه و خاورميانه بگستراند بايد به سراغ افغانستان بيايد.ازسوي هم اين تحقيق براي وزرات خارجه افغانستان ودانشجويان علوم سياسي از اهميت بزرگي برخوردار خواهدبود. اين تحقيق، با روش توصيفي- تحليلي و با مرور نظام‌مند اسناد و مدارك مرتبط،با منابع دست اول وسايت هاي خبري وروزنامه هاي معتبر گردآوري شده است. نتايج احتمالي نشان ميدهد حضور پيامدهاي نظامي آمريكا بر شرايط فرهنگي و اقتصادي افغانستان تاثير كوتاه مدت داشته كه عبارتند از: تغيير راهبردهاي فرهنگي افغانستان، نهادسازي فرهنگي بر محور ارزش‌هاي مدرن، توسعه سيستم آموزشي، تغيير در ارزش‌ها و نگرش‌ها، رشد ارتباطات و رسانه‌هاي جمعي، تقويت و گسترش آزادي بيان، رشد فرهنگ سياسي دموكراتيك، توسعه حقوق زنان، بهبود وضعيت اقتصادي، و بازسازي افغانستان از مهم‌ترين آن‌هاست. بايد يادآور شد كه هم مولفه‌هاي در اهداف و زمينه‌هاي حضور آمريكا، و هم مولفه‌هاي كه در پيامدهاي فرهنگي و اقتصادي بيان؛ همه داراي سويه‌هاي از آثار مثبت يا منفي بوده اند. در نتيجه‌گيري كلي مي‌توان اذعان كرد كه، زمينه‌ها و اهداف حضور آمريكا در افغانستان، شامل مجموعه‌اي از مولفه‌هاي سياسي- امنيتي، فرهنگي، اجتماعي و اقتصادي بوده، و برخي از اين اهداف محقق و برخي با نتايج منفي به‌همراه بوده است.

همدم نوروزي

Afghanistan, . , America, Taliban, Al-Qaeda, September 11th , America, Taliban, , Al-Qaeda, , September 11th

Historical analysis of the grounds and consequences of the US military presence in Afghanistan (September 2001 - September 2014)

تاريخ

Afghanistan has always been considered a field of play and interventions by countries and global superpowers. After the September 11th incident, the United States and its allies initiated military operations against Afghanistan with the goal of combating terrorist havens. They managed to suppress the Taliban regime and other groups, establishing a new government called the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Hamid Karzai was introduced as the head of the interim government of Afghanistan and continued his role as the President of Afghanistan after elections. During Karzaiʹs 13-year rule, with foreign support, especially from the United States, significant changes were made in military, educational, human rights, democratic, freedom of expression, media freedom, information technology, and telecommunications fields. Freedom of expression and media, considered as the most important decision-making right in all political, social, cultural, and economic dimensions for all people, both women and men, were regarded as a significant achievement of the United States during this period. Additionally, actions such as access to education, media growth, infrastructure reconstruction, and the establishment of health centers were carried out throughout the country with the support of the United States. However, due to the opportunities arising in Afghanistan and the reduction of international aid due to floods and dependencies, the assistance became so mismanaged that administrative corruption increased. Karzaiʹs government was consistently criticized by various segments of society. This research is designed as a descriptive-analytical study. Given the nature and subject of the study, the required information has been collected from library sources. The results indicate that the achievements of actions in the Afghan scene have been relatively insignificant. Combating terrorism has not necessarily been the main reason for the extensive military presence of the United States in this country; rather, the main reason has been to strengthen the empire and establish global military dominance and hegemony. On the other hand, Afghanistan has never been within the framework of the overall strategy of the United States until 1979, and its geopolitical significance has been less perceived

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