دستيابي به شاخصه‌هاي متني و هويت‌سنجي نامه‌هاي اميرالمؤمنين (ع) بر اساس روش‌هاي نقد متن

The letters of Amir al-Muʹminin Ali (peace be upon him) (died in 40 A.H.) are a large part of the legacy left by him and collected in sources such as Sayyid Raziʹs Nahj al-Balagha. These letters are scattered in different sources and different periods, and more importantly, muhaddiths and historians have reported that they had different methods and goals for narrating traditions and specifically letters. As a result of the operation of external criticism, the initial validity of each letter is determined with a certain degree of certainty or at least part of its ambiguities are resolved. The method of external criticism has examined the majesty status of the characters involved in the narration and the narrators and has measured the validity of the narratorʹs sources with logical calculations. In order to know the exact name of the addressee of the letter, aside from searching in historical data as well as logical and rational calculations, sometimes he also checked the old versions of a source such as Nahj al-Balagha. Also, using geographical data, he has located the places mentioned in the narration and investigates the possibility of the presence of agents and agents of the Imam at that particular place and time in order to improve the process of eva‎luating the credentials. In the third step, a number of Amir al-Muʹmininʹs letters to Muʹawiyah and the Imamʹs will to his son Imam Hassan were selected for the purpose of internal criticism. The criterion for selecting the first class letters is its initial validity, and the criterion for selecting the Imamʹs will is the possibility of its weak coherence at first glance. Given that external and internal criticism can be used in parallel or even independently, the selected samples for external and internal criticism were not chosen the same. The internal criticism of the Imamʹs letters to Muawiyah was carried out based on the relationship of syntagmatic and paradigmatic and as a result, Imamʹs patterns were extracted using the syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes and these patterns can be a criterion for selecting his other letters. Based on the results of the application of this method, Amir al-Muʹminin Ali (peace be upon him) is trying to explain the topic of the conversation in different ways, with the aim of guiding the audience and as a leader and experienced teacher, leaving no room for any questions and ambiguities, and this is why It strengthens the syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes the conversation as much as possible by respecting the requirements of the place, time and audience. The internal criticism of Imamʹs will to his son was based on Halliday and Hassanʹs theory of cohesion and coherence. This long letter seems to be connected in the initial paragraphs of the text, but after that the reader is faced with wise sentences and phrases that have no sense of continuity and each of them can be quoted and published independently. Apart from this general result, using this method has other results, among which we can mention the achievement of the imamʹs style in dynamic and activating the text with the use of material and behavioral processes with the aim of influencing the audience as much as possible. The general and detailed results of this method can also provide criteria for measuring other Imamʹs letters.

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