چكيده لاتين
Nowadays, the importance of providing and accessing water resources, as the most basic need of human societies, is obvious. In recent decades, the amount of impervious areas has increased due to the development of cities and the expansion of residential and industrial areas. This has caused an increase in urban runoff. Therefore, it seems necessary to control and manage urban runoff using new solutions, such as the Low Impact Development (LID) method. In this research, a method is proposed for selecting and determining the optimal area of various low-impact development tools with the simulation-optimization approach. The performance of the proposed method is described on the case study of the surface water collection network in Sepahanshahr region of Isfahan. For this purpose, first, the selected basin has been simulated in the SWMM simulator model, and then the volume of runoff from the basin during a rainfall event with a return period of 50 years has been determined. In this research, three low-impact development methods, including Bio-Retention cell, Permeable Pavement, and Pegetative Swale, have been used to reduce the volume of runoff in the studied basin. The simulation results show that among the selected tools, the Bio-Retention cell has the best performance in reducing the basinʹs runoff volume. In the following, two artificial intelligence methods, Genetic Programming (GP) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) have been used to simulate the basinʹs runoff. In this study, the dimensions of low-impact development tools were determined as the input for artificial intelligence models, and the outputs of SWMM software were defined as the output. The comparison of the results shows that the artificial neural network model has a better performance in determining the volume of the basinʹs outflow. Finally, artificial intelligence models as simulator models are combined with Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm. In the optimization problem, the area of low-impact development tools in the sub-basins is determined as the decision variable, and the minimization of the implementation and operation cost is defined as the objective function. The results showed that in the best case, the optimal area for the Bio-Retention cell method in sub-basins 1, 2 and 3 is 3, 2 and 2 percent of the sub-basin area, respectively, For Vegetative Swale method, in sub-basins 1, 2 and 3, it is 6, 6, and 5 percent of the sub-basin area, respectively, and for the Permeable Pavement method, in sub-basins 1, 2, and 3, it is 6, 4, and 4 percent of the sub-basin area, respectively. In this case, the cost of implementing and operating low-impact development methods in the study area is 204,707 in Dollars. The results of this study showed that the proposed method has acceptable performance.
