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زبان و ادبيات فارسي

ادبيات و علوم انساني

دي ماه1402

232 ص.

محسن محمدي فشاركي

تصحيح متن , نسخۀ خطّي , نقيب الممالك شيرازي , سبك بازگشت , دوره قاجار

در سنگلاخ تاريخ ادب فارسي، اغلب پرداختن به مسائل اقتصادي، سياسي و اجتماعي در اشعار شاعران چندان حائز اهميت نبوده‌است. اين رويه تا دوران صفويه ادامه داشته و از آن دوران به بعد است كه شعر به يكباره، به سوي وصف مسائل اجتماعي و سياسي و فرهنگي روي مي‌آورد.حاج ميرزا احمد نقيب الممالك شيرازي، نقيب‌الممالك، شاعر و نقال مخصوص دربار ناصرالدين شاه قاجار نيز از آن دسته شاعران و نويسندگاني است كه به دليل بازتاب مضامين اجتماعي و نقد طبقات اجتماعي در اشعارش تحسين شده‌است. ميرزا احمد شاعري بهره‌ور از علوم زمانه از جمله علوم ادبيه، عربيه و علوم ديگري چون صرف و نحو و منطق و معاني و كلام و رياضي و طبيعي و عروض بوده و در موارد بسياري اين علوم، مضامين اشعار وي را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. از سويي تسلط به فرهنگ و ادب عامه، فعاليت‌هاي سياسي و ارتباط با دربارهاي محلي و مركزي، توجه به خلق و خوي طبقات مختلف و سطح بالاي جامعه و موارد ديگر، ارزش اشعار وي را از جهت اطلاعات مربوط به زمينه‌هاي مذكور بالا برده‌است. بررسي و توجه به اشعار وي تاكنون به چند مقاله و يا گزينش و نقل چند بيت در تذكره‌ها محدود شده‌ و اشعار او همچنان در نسخه‌هاي ديوانش به صورت خطي باقي مانده‌است. بنابراين قضاوت در باب شيوه و پايۀ شاعري، ميزان تسلط بر فنون شعر فارسي، درجۀ اهميت مضمون در اشعار نقيب و استخراج اطلاعات ارزشمند تاريخي، اجتماعي، سياسي و فرهنگي از اشعار او، نخست نيازمند آن است كه نسخۀ مصححي از ديوان وي در اختيار پژوهشگران علاقمند قرار گيرد.نگارنده اين سطور بر آن است كه ضمن ارائۀ نسخۀ منقح از ديوان نقيب الممالك شيرازي، بخش اندكي از آنچه را كه در زبان و ذهن شاعر بوده است، مورد تحليل قرار دهد. رسالۀ حاضر در سه بخش مقدمه، متن و تعليقات نوشته شده است. در مقدمه زندگي، احوال و سبك شاعر به طور مبسوط شرح و بررسي شده‌است. در روند تصحيح متن نيز با مراجعه به فهرست نسخ خطي تمام نسخه‌هاي موجود بررسي شد و كامل ترين نسخه‌ها كه سه نسخۀ خطّي موجود در كتابخانۀ ابن مسكويۀ اصفهان بود انتخاب و به شيوۀ تصحيح بر مبناي نسخۀ اساس استفاده شد؛ در نهايت لغات و اصطلاحات ،فهرست آيات و فهرست اعلام درتعليقات گنجانده شد. نتايج پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه زبان شعري نقيب الممالك شيرازي سليس و روان است و شعر او در ادامۀ سبك بازگشت است.البته ناگفته نماند كه شعر وي آيينۀ تمام نماي اوضاع ساختاري فرهنگ، زبان و ادبيات عصر ناصري (يعني گرايش توأمان به سنت و تجدد) است و مضامين و واژگان كهنه و نو در اشعار وي در كنار يكيديگر اين فرضيه را اثبات مي‌كند. اوزانشعرش با مفاهيم و مضامين اشعارش تناسب كافي دارد. اشعار او سرشار از صنايع ادبي و تلميحات اسلامي و ايراني است ودر شناخت فرهنگ و ادب عصر قاجار، بزرگان وصاحب منصبان اين دوره و همچنين از منظرآگاهي از وقايع اجتماعي وعصر شاعرحائز اهميت است.

Textcorrcetion , Manuscript , Naqib al-mamalek al-shirazi , Literary restoration style , Qajar dynasty

Correcting Diwan Naqib Al-Mamalek al-shirazi

زبان و ادبيات فارسي

poetʹs language and mind. The present treatise is written in three parts: introduction, text and notes. In the introduction, the life, condition and style of the poet are described and analyzed in detail. In the process of correcting the text, all the available manuscripts were checked by referring to the list of manuscripts, and the most complete manuscripts, which were the three manuscripts available in the library of Isfahan, were selected and used in the correction method based on the basic manuscript; Finally, the words and terms, the list of verses and the list of announcements were included in the notes. The results of the research indicate that the poetic language of Naqib al-Mamalek Shirazi is smooth and fluent and his poetry is a continuation of the return style. Of course, it goes without saying that his poetry is the mirror of the entire structure of culture, language and literature of the Nasrid era (that is, the twin tendency towards tradition and modernity) and the old and new themes and words in his poems support this hypothesis.. The weight of his poetry has a sufficient proportion with the concepts and themes of his poems. His poems are full of literary arts and Islamic and Iranian allusions, and it is important to know the culture and literature of the Qajar era,and the elders and officials of this period, as well as from the perspective of awareness of social events and the poetʹs era.In the history of Persian literature, often dealing with economic, political and social issues in poetsʹ poems has not been very important. This practice continued until the Safavid era, and from that time onward, poetry suddenly turns to describing social, political, and cultural issues. It should be noted that many poets from the Safavid era to the constitutional era were considered among the geniuses in their time, however, reasons such as their low ability to convey sublime meanings, imitativeness, and sometimes weakness in poetic techniques have caused little attention to their works. Haj Mirza Ahmad Naqib al-Mamalek Shirazi, Naqib al-Mamalek, a poet and special narrator of the court of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, is also one of those poets and writers who have been praised for reflecting social themes and criticizing social classes in his poems. Mirza Ahmed was a poet who benefited from the literary sciences, Arabic, and other sciences such as grammar, syntax, logic, meanings, speech, mathematics, natural sciences, and prose, and in many cases of these sciences, the themes of his poems have been assigned to them. On the one hand, his mastery of folk culture and literature, political activities and connection with local and central authorities, paying attention to the mood of different classes and the upper level of society, and other things, have increased the value of his poems in terms of information related to the mentioned fields. The study and attention to his poems has been limited to a few articles or the selection and quotation of a few verses in the persian biography books , and his poems have remained in manuscript form in the editions of his Diwan. . Therefore, judging about the style and basis of poetry, the degree of mastery of Persian poetry techniques, the degree of importance of the theme in Naqibʹs poems, and the extraction of valuable historical, social, political and cultural information from his poems, first requires that a corrected version of his diwan is available to Interested researchers. The writer of these lines intends to present a revised version of Shiraziʹs Diwan Naqib al-Mamalek and analyze a small part of what was in the

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