چكيده لاتين
This research was to investigate the "Talvin and Tamkin in Persian mystical prose texts from the 5th century to the end of the 9th century AH". Talvin and Tamkin are among the duality concepts and terms in mysticism and Sufism. These paired terms in mysticism and Sufism enjoy special characteristics that are different from single concepts. Accordingly, doing research in these concepts and terms requires a methodical research and the use of an appropriate analytical model. In the present research, firstly, the semantic evolution of Talvin and Tamkin in mystical prose texts from the fifth to the ninth century AH has been discussed. Then, Talvin and Tamkin were examined from the viewpoint of Quran and Hadiths of Imams (peace be upon them) and other aspects related to this duality term.
While emphasizing on the Talvin and Tamkin in Persian mystical prose texts, This research, using the method of content collection, library references and considering the descriptive-analytical method, had tried to explain the data related to the prerequisites and conditions, works, results and the achievements of Talvin and Tamkin. In addition, using the results and their systematic classification, it was going to present an analysis of the role and place of Talvin and Tamkin in the exaltation of the human spirit and the progress of the spiritual seeker to higher mystical states in the path of mystical progress. Therefore, the present research was to examine some works including the description of Bukharaieʹs Mostamali Tarof, translation of the Ghoshiriyyah Resaleh, Kashf al-Mahjoob, Savanehol Oshagh, Kimiyayeh Sa’adat, the works of Khajh Abdullah Ansari, Asrar al-Tawheed, Shathiyat of Rozbahan Baghli, translation of Awarif al-Ma’arif of Abdulmomen Isfahani, the works of Aziz bin Mohammad Nasafi, Shams’s articles, Mersad al-Ibad, Misbah al-HudayahandMiftah al-Kafayah, the description of Gulshan Raz, the works of Ein al-Ghazat Hamdani, and the works of Sheikh Ahmad Jaam.The results indicated that Talvin and Temkin are considered to be crucial positions in mysticism and Sufism. As long as the Sufi is in the midst of discovering and concealing his heart and in the state of spiritual journey, he is in the state of Talvin, but as soon as the characteristics of humanity and the worldly veils removed and he connected to the Truth, he will reach the Tamkin and persistence. According to the Sufists’s belief, the spiritual seekerʹs effort is to pass through Talvin and finally, to reach Tamkin. This spiritual seekerʹs exaltation of the soul requires his achievement of some prerequisites and conditions. Having reached this position, he can embrace the perception and Einolyaghin, being freed from contradiction and duality and becomes worthy of wearing the love garment. In a general view, due to the duality of these two terms,
one can consider Talvin as a prelude to achieving Tamkin and assiduity and regard Tamkin as an evolutionary and final rank.