چكيده لاتين
The necessity of today's telecommunication systems to have the characteristics of frequency accuracy and high stability, low noise and various capabilities, including the ability to adjust frequency and modulation, has made the use of synthesizers as an important issue.This thesis was done with the aim of designing, simulating and construction an adjustable passband filter in the X-band frequency range for a synthesizer with low phase noise, frequency adjustment and FM modulation.This filter has the appropriate response shape, the desired bandwidth and the ability to adjust the frequency for the produced frequency range, unlike the majority of adjustable filters that use the change in the capacitance of existing devices to adjust the frequency, It has used the coupling capacity between microstrip lines to adjust the center frequency and bandwidth and can adjust the frequency and bandwidth to some extent continuously, which is one of the achievements of this thesis.This filter uses microstrip ring resonators that have a good quality factor, and its design is a two-stage structure that can adjust the frequency and bandwidth by adjusting the distance between the two rings planes.By using the filter twice in a row, with an X-band MMIC amplifier placed between them, both the response shape has become sharper and the separation between the two rings planeshas been done, that the amplifier, in addition to compensating the power attenuation in the passband, acts as a low-pass filter and causes the harmonic responses of the filter to be weakened, and the overall shape of the response is improved.In the structure of the synthesizer, to achieve high frequency stability, low phase noise and realize FM modulation, a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator is used, and its frequency reaches the frequency range of the X band with harmonic multiplication.The ability to adjust the frequency is also done by a phase-locked loop, whose frequency is finally collected by the mixer with the production frequency in another circuit and entered into the filter.