23511

SPO2 981

كارشناسي ارشد

تربيت بدني و علوم ورزشي- روانشناسي ورزشي

علوم ورزشي

1402/06/29

80 ص.

حميد صالحي

احمدعلي آصفي

پايبندي به فعاليت بدني , حمايت (پشتيباني) اجتماعي , فعاليت بدني , ورزش جوانان

دانستن ماهيت و سازوكارهاي رابطه بين حمايت (پشتيباني) اجتماعي و پايبندي به فعاليت بدني زمينهاي بسيار مهمي در روانشناسي، ارتقاي تندرستي و علوم ورزشي است. با اين‌حال، همبستگي ميان پشتيباني اجتماعي و پايبندي به فعاليت بدني در ميان جوانان به‌خوبي شناخته‌شده نيست. اين پژوهش باهدف بررسي تأثير منابع و انواع پشتيباني اجتماعي بر پايبندي نوجوانان به فعاليت بدني انجام شد. نمونه 201 نوجوان 10 تا 18 ساله (ميانگين سن = 01/14 سال، انحراف معيار = 86/1 ؛ 100 دختر) بودند كه به‌طور داوطلبانه در برنامه‌هاي فعاليت بدني و ورزشي در تابستان 1401 شركت كردند. از شركت‌كنندگان درخواست شد درباره ميزان حمايتي كه از افراد گوناگون ازجمله پدر و مادر، برادر و خواهر، مربيان و آموزگاران، همسالان و دوستان و ديگر افراد دريافت مي‌كنند، گزارش دهند. نه گونه حمايت براي هر شخص مرجع ارزيابي شد كه دربرگيرنده: تشويق، همراهي، تماشا، گفتگو، تحسين، برنامه‌ريزي، حمل‌ونقل، پرداخت و تامين تجهيزات ورزشي بود. سطح پايبندي به فعاليت بدني با ارزيابي ميزان حضور شركت‌كنندگان در فعاليت بدني و جلسات ورزشي تعيين شد. از تحليل مسير و مدل‌سازي معادلات ساختاري براي بررسي روابط ميان منابع و انواع حمايت با پايبندي به فعاليت بدني استفاده شد. متغيرهاي جمعيت شناختي شامل شاخص توده بدني، بالاترين سطح تحصيلات پدرومادر و درآمد خانواده، به‌عنوان متغيرهاي كمكي در مدل گنجانده شد. تحليل مسير همبستگي مثبت و معناداري را ميان شاخص توده بدني و پايبندي به فعاليت بدني نشان داد. طبق نتايج مدل‌سازي معادلات ساختاري، تشويق، همراهي و تامين تجهيزات ورزشي با پايبندي به فعاليت بدني همبستگي معنادار داشت. همچنين، همبستگي ميان حمايت‌هاي ادراك‌شده با پايبندي به فعاليت بدني براي مربيان مثبت و براي دوستان منفي بود. باآنكه نتايج تحليل مسير نشان داد كه نوجوانان با شاخص توده بدني بالاتر، پايبندي بيشتري به فعاليت بدني منظم نشان داده‌اند. ولي، هنگامي‌كه منابع و انواع حمايت اجتماعي در مدل اضافه شد، همبستگي ميان شاخص توده بدني با پايبندي به فعاليت بدني از ميان رفت. يافته‌ها نشان مي‌دهد كه مربيان از راه همراهي و/يا تشويق از نوجوانان در مشاركت و پايبندي به فعاليت‌هاي بدني منظم حمايت مي‌كنند، درحالي‌كه اين نوع حمايت‌هاي دوستان اثر منفي دارد. پژوهش‌هاي آينده بايد روي مداخلاتي متمركز شوند كه موجب افزايش پشتيباني‌هاي اجتماعي مرتبط با انجام و پايبندي به فعاليتهاي بدني و ورزشي در نوجوانان مي‌شوند

Adherence to Physical Activity , Physical Activity , Social Support , Youth Sport

Adherence to physical activity and social support in adolescents

رفتار حركتي و مديريت ورزش

Understanding the nature and mechanisms of the relationship between social support and adherence to physical activity is a significant area of interest in psychology, health promotion, and exercise science. However, the specific relationship between social support and adherence to physical activity among youth remains not well-established. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different sources and types of social support on adherence to physical activity. The sample consisted of 201 adolescents aged 10-18 years (Mage = 14.01 years, SD = 1.86; N = 100 female) who voluntarily participated in physical activity and sports programs during the summer of 2022. The participants were asked to report the level of support they received from various individuals, including their parents, siblings, coaches and teachers, peers and friends, and others. Nine types of support were assessed for each reference person, including encouragement, companionship, watching, talking, admiring, planning, transporting, paying, and buying sports-related equipment. The level of adherence to physical activity was determined by assessing the participants' attendance in physical activity and sports sessions. Path analysis and structural equation modeling were employed to examine the relationships between sources of support, types of support, and adherence to physical activity. Demographic variables, including body mass index (BMI), the highest education level of each parent, and family income, were included as covariates in the model. The path analysis revealed a positive and significant association between body mass index and adherence to physical activity. Encouragement, companionship, and buying sports-related equipment were significantly correlated with adherence to physical activity. The results also indicated a positive correlation between perceived social support and adherence to physical activity for coaches, while there was a negative correlation for friends. The results also showed that the correlation between perceived social support and adherence to physical activity was positive for coaches and negative for friends. Furthermore, the path analysis suggested that adolescents with higher BMI adhere more to regular physical activity. However, the results showed that the correlation between BMI and adherence to physical activity disappeared when sources and types of social support were included in the model. This suggests that coaches support adolescents in engaging and adhering to regular physical activities through encouragement and companionship, whereas friends do not provide positive and significant support for adherence to physical activity. Future research should focus on interventions to increase social support to promote adherence to physical activity among adolescents

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