تبيين و تحليل پيامدهاي سياسي و اقتصادي حضور استعمار بر جوامع شيعي در سواحل جنوبي خليج فارس (919-1233 ه.ق)

The Analysis an‎d Explanation of the Political an‎d Economic Impacts of the Presence of Colonialism on the Shiites of the Southern shores of the Persian Gulf (1513-1817 AD)

تاريخ

Following Renaissance an‎d industrial revolution in Europe, the presence of the colonists in the East aiming for creating wealth, having access to more resources, an‎d marketing their own goods is considered as the most important event. Accordingly, Portugal Military Navy could dominate parts of the southern regions of the Persian Gulf, particularly the most important Shia population centers including Bahrain, Ahsa, an‎d Qatif in the tenth Hijri century (16th century AD). The current study aimed to explore the political, economic, an‎d social consequence of the presence of the colonists in Shia communities of the southern region of the Persian Gulf between 919-1233 Hijri. To this end, it adopted a descriptive-analytical approach an‎d library research procedures for collecting the required data. The results revealed that the Shiites confronted politically an‎d economically undesirable conditions under the influence of the Portuguese colonists an‎d Ottoman Empire in the tenth an‎d eleventh Hijri centuries. Among the economic serious consequences, one can refer to the trading an‎d commerce decline an‎d a decrease in the transportation significance of these regions. However, Portuguese an‎d Ottoman religious policies played a crucial role in evoking the identity an‎d anti-tyranny approaches among the Shiites. As a result of the actions taken by Portuguese an‎d the miseries resulting from the presence of Ottoman forces, the residents’ major concern was attempting to weaken an‎d expel the colonists. Hence, the Shiites appealed to anti-colonialism an‎d anti-authoritarian struggles, which led to decolonizing Bahrain by Safavid government an‎d their residents’ companionship. Indeed, the most substantial consequence of the presence of the colonialists was weakening the political-economic status of the Shiites an‎d increasing the authority of Arab Sunni minorities in these regions.

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