چكيده لاتين
Superconductivity, a macroscopic quantum phenomenon with zero electrical resistance and magnetic field expulsion, promises remarkable advancements in technology and industry. This thesis explores the diverse applications of superconducting
materials, delving into their fundamental characteristics and the innovative methods
through which they can be exploited to achieve objectives in various fields, such as
quantum information science, advanced electronics, and energy infrastructures.
One critical aspect for leveraging superconductivity in future technologies lies in
understanding and controlling quantum phenomena in hybrid devices. Recent research, exemplified by studies on superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures,
highlights the potential for generating entangled photon pairs, which are vital components for quantum computation. Spin-orbit coupling, significantly influences the
purity of these entangled states, demonstrating how the combination of different
materials can be precisely tuned to optimize quantum light sources for industrial
applications. In this research, it is shown that the spin singlet pairing plays an important role to enhance the production of entangled pairs, and specifically, in the
mixed state, s + p pairing exhibits the highest purity at θ = 0, π. For pure singlet
pairing the highest purity is obtained from conventional s-wave pairing. Furthermore pure triplet pairing exhibits maximum purity of entangled photons at φ = 0, π
for equal-Rashba–Dresselhaus SOCs case.
Furthermore, the robustness of topological superconductors against various decoherences is of paramount importance for the development of fault-tolerant quantum computing architectures. Qubits based on Majorana fermions in the topological
superconducting phase play a key role, and hybrid superconductor-semiconductor
structures are a suitable platform for transitioning to this superconducting phase.
Investigations into the impact of magnetic impurities on topological phase transitions in two-band superconductors specify the conditions necessary for realizing
Majorana zero modes. We demonstrate that, in contrast to the spin-singlet interband pairing, topological phase transition in spin-singlet intraband and spin-triplet
interband pairings is accessible by tuning the intra- and interband magnetic scatterings, strength of Rashba spin-orbit coupling, chemical potential and superconducting pairing.
